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The Chairman's Message

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Winter 2005

Dr. Gluck

Disclosure

Errors occur in complex systems, such as healthcare, and their causes are often multi-factorial. Communication often plays a role. What is said after a bad outcome is also important. Discussing medical errors with patients is influenced by the nature of the error as well as moral, ethical and legal considerations.

According to recent surveys, physicians know the importance of transparency but often do not fully disclose errors to patients. Where is the disconnect?

We are faced with conflicting recommendations. When there is a medical error, the AMA Code of Ethics requires physicians "to inform patients of all the facts necessary to ensure understanding of what has occurred." On the other hand professional liability insurance companies state that "an admission of the insured of error voids coverage for related claims for damages." Physicians feel guilty and fear that a truthful explanation of error will increase litigation risks. However, a 1999 study found just the opposite. Disclosure actually lowered litigation costs and reduced defensive medicine.

In response to this dilemma, the National Patient Safety Foundation issued the following statement of principle:

If error contributed to healthcare injury, the patient should expect:

  • A truthful and compassionate explanation
  • Discussion of potential remedies
  • What steps will be taken to reduce the likelihood of others suffering from the same error.

These steps will not resolve our liability crisis but it is an ethical imperative that will reduce litigation. Making medicine transparent to patients is important to build trust and to get additional traction for liability reform. Finally, disclosure will help assuage the guilt of competent, caring physicians who struggle to do what is right in a flawed system we call healthcare.